Why do we need Distributed System?

Advantages of Distributed Systems

Performance: very often a collection of processors can provide higher performance (and better price/performance ratio) than a centralized computer.

Distribution: many applications involve, by their nature, spatially separated machines (banking, commercial, automotive system).

Reliability (fault tolerance): if some of the machines crash, the system can survive.

Incremental growth: as requirements on processing power grow, new machines can be added incrementally.

Sharing of data/resources: shared data is essential to many applications (banking, computer supported cooperative work, reservation systems); other resources can be also shared (e.g. expensive printers).
Communication: facilitates human-to-human communication.

Disadvantages of Distributed Systems

Difficulties of developing distributed software: how should operating systems, programming languages and applications look like?

Networking problems: several problems are created by the network infrastructure, which have to be dealt with: loss of messages, overloading, ...

Security problems: sharing generates the problem of data security.

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